Fig 1.
Minimum and maximum daily air temperatures at the experimental site from October 2019 to February 2020.
Relative humidity of 40–50% under the natural photoperiod [3].
Fig 2.
Trend of temperature decrease in thermogradient freezer during the night from 7:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M.
Fig 3.
Schematic diagram of the experimental study design.
Abbreviation: FBS (freezing before spray); FAS (freezing after spray).
Fig 4.
Survival (A) and dry weight (B) of winter wild oat treated with various doses of clodinafop-propargyl under different freezing treatments. Abbreviation: NF (no freezing); FBS (freezing before spray): FAS (freezing after spray). The recommended dose of clodinafop-propargyl in Iran is 64 g ha-1.
Table 1.
The dose of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA required for 50% mortality (LD50) and the dose that caused 50% inhibition of growth noted by biomass (GR50) of winter wild oat and turnipweed under different freezing treatments.
Fig 5.
Survival (A) and dry weight (B) of turnipweed treated with various doses of 2,4-D plus MCPA under different freezing treatments. Abbreviation: NF (no freezing); FBS (freezing before spray): FAS (freezing after spray). The recommended dose of 2,4-D+MCPA in Iran is 1012.5 g ha-1.
Fig 6.
Relative potency of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA under different freezing treatments.
Abbreviation: FBS (freezing before spray) and FAS (freezing after spray). The error bars indicate standard error (SE). The dashed line represents the relative potency = 1.0.
Table 2.
Sensitivity of plant species of wheat, winter wild oat, and turnipweed to clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA under different freezing treatments.