Fig 1.
Flow chart of study selection process.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
Fig 2.
Forest plot of showing the effects of caffeine vs aminophylline on the effective rate of 1–3 days.
Fig 3.
Forest plot of showing the effects of caffeine vs aminophylline on tachycardia.
Fig 4.
Forest plot of showing the effects of caffeine vs aminophylline on feeding intolerance.
Fig 5.
Forest plot of showing the effects of caffeine vs aminophylline on hyperglycemia.
Fig 6.
Forest plot of showing the effects of caffeine vs aminophylline on total adverse effects.