Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of enrolled patients.
Fig 1.
ROC curves of PSI or CURB-65 for predicting in-hospital death in all-pneumonia, CAP, and NHAP cases.
Solid lines represent the ROC curves of PSI classes. Dashed lines represent the ROC curves of CURB-65 scores. The AUCs are shown at the bottom of each figure. The AUCs of both PSI and CURB-65 are sufficient to predict the in-hospital deaths in all-pneumonia.
Table 2.
The prognostic power of PSI and CURB-65 for in-hospital death of pneumonia.
Table 3.
Comparison between survivors and non-survivors in NHAP and all-pneumonia.
Fig 2.
The difference in PC activity between survivors and non-survivors with pneumonias.
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *p<0.05, †p<0.01, comparing survivors and non-survivors. A significant difference was seen for NHAP cases (p = 0.014) but not for CAP (p = 0.077). In all-pneumonia, which combines CAP and NHAP, non-survivors showed significantly lower PC activity than survivors (p = 0.003).
Fig 3.
Evaluation of PC activity and each continuous variable of CURB-65 as predictors for in-hospital death of NHAP.
PC = protein C; sBP = systolic blood pressure; RR = respiratory rate; BUN = blood urea nitrogen. *p<0.05, comparing AUCs. The ROC curves of PC activity or each item of CURB-65 in NHAP are shown. The AUC of PC activity is second highest after BUN. Significant differences are apparent between the AUC of BUN and that of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.035). There was no significant difference between the AUC of PC activity and those of the CURB-65 items.
Fig 4.
ROC curves of PC activity and each continuous variable of CURB-65 for predicting in-hospital death of all-pneumonia.
PC = protein C; sBP = systolic blood pressure; RR = respiratory rate; BUN = blood urea nitrogen. *p<0.05, †p<0.01, comparing AUCs. The ROC curves of PC activity or each item of CURB-65 in all-pneumonia are shown. In all-pneumonia, the AUC of PC activity was the third highest; BUN had the highest AUC. There were significant differences between BUN and systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and PC activity (p<0.01, <0.05, and <0.05, respectively).
Table 4.
Examination of prognostic factors using logistic analysis in NHAP.
Table 5.
Examination of prognostic factors using logistic analysis in all-pneumonia.
Fig 5.
Additional effects of PC activity with PSI or CURB-65 for prognosis of NHAP.
Dashed lines represent original PSI or CURB-65 as shown with solid lines in Fig 1. Solid lines are additional examination of PC activity. We added 25 points to the PSI score if the patient showed PC activity <55%, and reclassified the patient based on the rescored PSI into classes 1–6. Classes 1–4 are the same as in the original PSI classification. Patients with modified PSI scores ≥130 were divided into class 5 for scores within 130–159 or class 6 for scores ≥160. The modified PSI class had a significantly higher AUC for mortality compared to that of the original PSI classes (p = 0.036) (A). For CURB-65, 1 point was added to the CURB-65 when PC activity was <55%, making 6 the maximum total score (B).