Table 1.
Search terms by category.
Fig 1.
Flowchart of review process.
Fig 2.
Map of countries where studies were conducted (Southeast Asia).
Table 2.
Summary of studies on the health effects of smoke haze in Southeast Asia.
Fig 3.
Exposure indicators used for each approach.
AQI: air quality index (generally referred to as “AQI,” although different terms can be used (e.g., PSI (Pollutant Standard Index), API (Air Pollutant Index)); EPI + HBE: studies that applied a combination of EPI and HBE approaches; Combined exposure indicators were defined as a combination of pollutants and pollutant indicators; Others: pollutants other than those specified; NA: no specific variables are used.
Fig 4.
Excess mortality reported in health burden estimation studies in Southeast Asia using concentration-risk functions for long-term (top), short-term (middle), and both short- and long-term (bottom) exposures.
a denotes cardiovascular mortality. * denotes the health burden of ozone exposure. ** denotes an averaged estimate value. *** denotes health burden estimates from August to October of 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014, and 2015. BAU: business-as-usual scenario. PP: protecting peatland scenario.
Fig 5.
Timeline of sampling period and haze period in health risk assessment studies in Southeast Asia.
Green indicates sampling period. Yellow indicates haze period specified within the sampling period.
Fig 6.
AQI levels by study period and study approach.