Fig 1.
Overview of participant samples and measures.
Note that not all participants contributed to all tasks (see also Results). * Of these, n = 18 completed both Online BICI and Aesthetic ratings and Online BPNPQ. ** EEG data was recorded from n = 16 only; one additional participant contributed behavioural responses only.
Fig 2.
Examples of images depicting women’s abdomens with (left panel) and without (right panel) navel piercings.
Table 1.
List of motivations ranked from the most common to the least common.
*Other refers to answer akin to ‘simply wanted one’ or ‘impulsive decision’. F means the total amount of reasons selected by the participants, as each participant could select more than one answer.
Table 2.
Mean VAS ratings (SEMs) for each of the nine body image and self perception questions across the three conditions of time.
Single asterisks (*) indicate significant differences (t(101)≥2.83; p≤.006, dz≥1.74, 1-β = 1.0) from body perception since getting pierced (grey column) in Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means; double asterisks (**) indicate p≤.001.
Fig 3.
Raincloud plots of BICI scores (left panel) and aesthetic ratings of bodies with and without navel piercings (right two panels) in participants with (orange) and without (turquoise) navel piercings.
Each circle represents one participant, n.s. denotes a non-significant group difference, ** denotes p < .001.
Table 3.
Sample characteristics, BICI scores and aesthetic ratings.
Tests of comparisons used chi square and independent-sample t-tests. Asterisks denote significant differences between groups.
Fig 4.
Visual ERPs to images of other women’s abdomens with (solid waveforms) and without (dotted waveforms) navel piercings obtained during the aesthetic ratings task from participants with (black waveforms) and without (grey waveforms) navel piercings.
Top panel shows right-hemispheric posterior electrode PO8; bottom panel shows left frontal electrode F1 (see insets for electrode locations).
Fig 5.
Visual ERPs, obtained during the self-recognition task, to images of participants’ own abdomen (black waveforms) and other women’s abdomens (grey waveforms) depicted with (solid waveforms) and without (dotted waveforms) navel piercings.
Top panel shows right-hemispheric posterior electrode PO8; bottom panel shows left frontal electrode F1 (see insets for electrode locations).
Fig 6.
Raincloud plots of correct RTs to own (turquoise) and strangers’ bodies (orange) with (left panel) and without (right panel) navel piercings.
Each circle represents one participant, * denotes p < .05, ** denotes p < .001.