Table 1.
List of the isolates used in the present study.
Table 2.
Growth inhibition of C. rosea isolates against GTD pathogens.
Fig 1.
In vitro confrontation tests of C. rosea 19B/1 strain with GTD pathogens growing on potato dextrose agar medium.
(a) P. chlamydospora, 15 days post inoculation (dpi); (b) E. lata, 8 dpi; (c) B. dothidea, 15 dpi; (d) D. ampelina, 15 dpi.
Table 3.
Mycoparasitism of GTD pathogen colonies by C. rosea isolates.
Fig 2.
Microscopic examination of confrontation zones between C. rosea 100C/1 strain and GTD pathogens.
Parasitism of C. rosea on D. ampelina (a) and B. dothidea (b,c) hosts after staining with 5 mM MTT for one hour. Arrows mark C. rosea mycelia. Scalebars represent 10 μm.
Fig 3.
Comparison of conidia production by C. rosea isolates.
Isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar medium for six days under fluorescent light, at room temperature. The numbers of produced conidia were normalized to colony surface.
Fig 4.
Effects of C. rosea 19/B1 isolate on the development of vascular necrosis caused by GTD pathogens.
(a) Representative photographs of wood necrosis developed on Cabernet sauvignon cuttings mock inoculated or infected with B. dothidea, E. lata and P. chlamydospora. Cuttings were grown for 90 days in greenhouse in soil with (upper row) or without (bottom row) 104/g conidia of C. rosea 19/B1 strain. Scale bars represent 1 cm. (b) Mean lengths and standard deviances of necrotic lesions developed on infected cuttings grown in the untreated or C.rosea-amended soils. Numbers above the columns represent the number of symptomatic plants out of five infected cuttings. Asterisks mark significance of differences (* p<0.05, ** p<0.005).