Fig 1.
This conceptual model shows how our measures fit with the ABC-X family stress model. A shifting sociopolitical climate hostile towards Latina families can influence both perceptions of stress and resources to cope with stressors. Both resources and perceptions in turn influence maternal psychological responses. If protective factors are too low, and stress perceptions are too high, this can lead to a crisis of maternal distress, which ultimately impacts the whole family.
Fig 2.
Timeline of study sample collection.
These two timelines show the timing of sample collection in the two locations of our study in relation to federal policies shared by both sites (shown by lines connecting to both timelines) and a local event (in the interior city) that impacted immigrants during the post-candidacy period. Three Executive Orders (13767, 13768, and 13769) were issued by the President within the last week of January 2017. These orders collectively included demands for a border wall (13767), expanded use of detention of immigrants (13768), limited access to asylum, enhanced enforcement along the border and increased the number of ICE agents (13768, 13769), prohibited sanctuary jurisdictions from receiving federal funding (13768), and limited travel from Muslim majority countries (13769). Additionally, a policy specifically aimed at separating families at the border was enacted in spring of 2018. In TN specifically, an ICE raid on a meatpacking plant occurred a few hours away, possibly the largest raid of Trump administration with 86 individuals detained and 11 arrested. All together, these policies sent a collective message that immigrants were not welcome and increased anti-immigrant media attention during this time.
Table 1.
Demographics of study samples at baseline and follow-up in interior and border cities.
Table 2.
Changes in sociocultural stressors, protective factors, and mental health measures in the interior city from baseline to follow-up.
Table 3.
Changes in sociocultural stressors, protective factors, and mental health measures for the border city from baseline to follow-up (ns range 78–83).
Table 4.
Linear regression models of maternal sociocultural variables explaining mental health symptoms at follow-up in the interior city (n = 34).
Table 5.
Multiple regression models of maternal sociocultural stressors and protective factors explaining mental health variables at baseline and follow-up in border city (n = 78–84 both baseline and follow-up).