Fig 1.
The structure and ECG acquiring systems of a wearable electrode embedded in an undershirt.
(A) The structure and ECG acquiring systems of wearable electrodes. Left two panels show the front and reverse side of a wearable electrode. Right two panels show an ECG transmitter attached to an undershirt. (B) The method to record and send ECG using a wearable electrode and Holter ECG simultaneously. The explanation of components of a wearable electrode and Holter ECG: (1) The part which is connected to the ECG transmitter on an undershirt; (2) Silver textile electrode parts embedded in an undershirt; (3) Holter monitor; (4) ECG patch of Holter monitor. Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiogram.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.
Fig 2.
Regression analysis of each parameter measured by wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.
(A) Regression analysis of total heart beats, (B) maximum HR, (C) mean HR, (D) minimum HR, (E) QRS duration and (F) QTc interval measured by two methods. Abbreviations: HR, heart rate; ECG, electrocardiogram.
Fig 3.
Bland-Altman plots of each parameter measured by wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.
(A) Bland-Altman plots of total heart beats, (B) maximum HR, (C) mean HR, (D) minimum HR, (E) QRS duration and (F) QTc interval measured by two methods. Abbreviations: HR, heart rate.
Table 2.
Median of total heart beats, maximum HR, mean HR, QRS duration, and average of minimum HR, QTc interval measured by wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.
Fig 4.
The comparison of wave patterns of arrhythmia between wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.
(A) atrial fibrillation, (B) non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, and (C) premature ventricular contractions of Lown‘s grade >II. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; SR, sinus rhythm; NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC, premature ventricular contractions; ECG, electrocardiogram.
Table 3.
A. Detection of atrial fibrillation. B. Detection of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. C. Detection of premature ventricular contractions of Lown’s grade >II.
Fig 5.
The frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability analyzed every hour between wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.
(A) LF power, (B) HF power and (C) LF to HF ratio. Abbreviations: LF, low-frequency; HF, high-frequency; ln, natural logarithm; ECG, electrocardiogram.
Table 4.
Time-domain analysis of heart rate variability between wearable electrodes embedded in undershirts and Holter ECG.