Fig 1.
Conceptual map of fluid management parameters used during CRRT.
In this patient example, the fluid removal prescription with CRRT is net negative 0.5 L per day for both represented days. One should note that despite similar NUF is attained in both days, fluid balance status is different in both days. On CRRT Day 1, FBAchieved is 0 and therefore %FBGap is 100%. In contrast, on CRRT Day 2, FBAchieved is -0.5 L and therefore %FBGap is 0%. Abbreviations: NUF (net ultrafiltration rate); FBGoal (patient fluid balance goal); FBAchieved (patient fluid balance achieved); %FBGap (Gap of patient fluid balance achieved vs. goal).
Fig 2.
CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy); ESKD (end-stage kidney disease); FB (fluid balance); FBGoal (patient fluid balance goal); NUF (net ultrafiltration rate).
Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the whole cohort and according to hospital mortality.
Fig 3.
Graphic representation of patient FBGoal (ml/kg/h, Panel A) and FBAchieved (ml/kg/h, Panel B) classified in 3 clinical subgroups: 1) underachiever with positive fluid balance (red); 2) underachiever with negative fluid balance (orange); and 3) achiever with negative fluid balance (green). For visualization, data represented in the Figure exclude <2.5 and >97.5 percentiles.
Fig 4.
Graphic representation of %FBGap (Panel A) and NUF (ml/kg/h, Panel B) classified in 3 clinical subgroups: 1) underachiever with positive fluid balance (red); 2) underachiever with negative fluid balance (orange); and 3) achiever with negative fluid balance (green). Note that %FBGap better differentiate the 3 clinical subgroups than NUF. For visualization, data represented in the Figure exclude <2.5 and >97.5 percentiles.
Table 2.
CRRT parameters reflecting fluid management during CRRT in the whole cohort and according to study outcomes.
Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression model of %FBGap and NUF as the independent variables and a) hospital mortality and b) death or RRT in the last 48 h of hospitalization as the dependent variables.
Fig 5.
Restricted cubic splines representing the adjusted relationship of A) %FBGap and B) NUF (ml/kg/h) with hospital mortality according to final multivariable models. Note that %FBGap better differentiate the 3 clinical subgroups than NUF for the association with mortality.
Fig 6.
Restricted cubic splines representing the adjusted relationship of FBAchieved (ml/kg/h) with hospital mortality according to final multivariable models.
Note that mortality in some patients with negative FB may be influenced by other factors beyond FBAchieved and covariates in the model as depicted by the zoomed portion of the Figure.