Fig 1.
Scheme of AgNPs biosynthesis using V. vinifera extract and UV-Vis absorption spectra of prepared AgNPs.
A–The colour of individual solutions–silver nitrate, Vitis vinifera cane extract, biologically synthesized monodisperse AgNPs (mAgNPs), biologically synthesized polydisperse AgNPs (pAgNPs); B–UV-Vis absorption spectra of controls and AgNPs.
Table 1.
(mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs); pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; e–V. vinifera extract; w–ultrapure water as medium).
Fig 2.
STEM-in-SEM images of biosynthesized nanoparticles.
A–monodisperse AgNPs in extract as medium; B–monodisperse AgNPs in water as medium; C–polydisperse AgNPs in extract as medium; D–polydisperse AgNPs in water as medium; scale = 200 nm.
Table 2.
The average diameter and circularity, including standard deviation, of biosynthesized AgNPs.
(mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium).
Table 3.
Percentage of biosynthesized AgNPs in circularity intervals (mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium).
Fig 3.
Size distribution of AgNPs biosynthesized using V. vinifera extract.
(mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium).
Table 4.
Monitoring of stability of AgNPs synthesized using extract from Vitis vinifera canes.
Monitored by UV-Vis (storage conditions: 4 °C, dark), (mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium).
Fig 4.
Morphology-dependent antimicrobial activity of AgNPs biosynthesized using V. vinifera cane extract against planktonic cells of C. albicans.
(mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium).
Fig 5.
SEM images of C. albicans ATCC 10231 planktonic cells (without NPs).
(A) scale 20 μm; (B) scale 2 μm.
Fig 6.
SEM images of C. albicans cells treated for 24 h with 5 mg/L of monodisperse AgNPs biosynthesized using V. vinifera extract (mAgNPs).
(A and B) cells treated with mAgNPs in extract; (C and D) cells treated with mAgNPs in ultrapure water.
Fig 7.
SEM images of C. albicans cells treated with 5 mg/L of polydisperse AgNPs biosynthesized using V. vinifera extract (pAgNPs).
(A and B) cells treated with pAgNPs in extract; (C and D) cells treated with pAgNPs in ultrapure water.
Fig 8.
Morphology-dependent antibiofilm activity of AgNPs biosynthesized using V. vinifera cane extract against biofilm cells of C. albicans.
(mAgNPs–monodisperse AgNPs; pAgNPs–polydisperse AgNPs; /e–V. vinifera extract; /w–ultrapure water as medium); measured using resazurin assay.