Fig 1.
3D virtual reconstruction based on CT data was shown on 1A, A 3D printing liver model modified by hollowed-out designation was shown on 1B. (T indicates tumor, dark blue vessels represent hepatic veins, light blue vessels represent portal veins, white plate full with holes represents liver surface).
Fig 2.
A modified 3D printing liver model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was applied in intraoperative navigation.
(RHA: right hepatic artery, PHA: proper hepatic artery, LPV: left portal vein, MHV: middle hepatic vein, MHV-V4: The venous reflux of hepatic segment 4 to MHV).
Fig 3.
3D printing technology was applied in laparoscopic Ⅴ segmentectomy real-timely.
(vB5: the ventral bile duct of segment 5, dB5: the dorsal bile duct of segment 5, B8: the bile duct of segment 8, RAB: right anterior bile duct, RHV: right hepatic vein, RHV-V5: The venous reflux of hepatic segment 5 to RHV,RHV-V6: The venous reflux of hepatic segment 6 to RHV).
Fig 4.
ICG fluorescent staining was applied to intraoperative navigation.
A: The mark-line (yellow arrows) between the removing liver and the preserving liver. B: Visual contrast in the dissection of liver parenchyma were shown clearly (The green plan B was the preserving side, the other plan A was the removing side).
Fig 5.
The actual intrahepatic ducts of surgical field were reconfirmed consistently with the liver model’s after operation.
(dP5:the dorsal portal vein of segment 5, vP5:the ventral portal vein of segment 5,vB5: the ventral bile duct of segment 5, dB5: the dorsalbile duct of segment 5, B8: thebile duct of segment 8, RHV: right hepatic vein, RHV-V5: The venous reflux of hepatic segment 5 to RHV,RHV-V6: The venous reflux of hepatic segment 6 to RHV).
Table 1.
Demographics and preoperative characteristics of the non-3DP and 3DP groups.
Fig 6.
Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis between the 3DP and non-3DP groups of patients with HCC.
Table 2.
Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics of the non-3DP and 3DP groups.