Fig 1.
Study design, data preparation and analytical flow.
Fig 2.
Three key assumptions in Mendelian randomization study.
Fig 3.
Instrumental variable SNP effect estimates between atopic dermatitis or asthma and heart failure.
Table 1.
Mendelian randomization analysis of atopic dermatitis or asthma with heart failure using IVW, MR Egger, Weighted median and Weighted mode methods.