Fig 1.
Graphical abstract of the study (A) and design of digital PCR assay (B). Primers and probes are not drawn to scale. Primers and probe used to quantitate mtDNA deletion mutations flank the mitochondrial major arc to detect age-induced mtDNA deletion mutations. In the wild-type genome in the left panel, the major arc-flanking primers are too far apart for amplification. In the right panel, an example mtDNA deletion mutation has brought the major arc-flanking primers within range for amplification of a PCR product.
Fig 2.
Effects of three months of remdesivir treatment on body, heart, kidney and quadriceps mass in hybrid rats.
Rats were weighed at 33 months of age before they were sacrificed. Whisker plots denote mean and SEM. Black circles denote control rats, grey squares denote remdesivir-treated rats. N = 7–9 per experimental group.
Fig 3.
Effects of three months of remdesivir treatment on mtDNA copy number, deletion frequency, and deletions per nucleus in 33-month-old hybrid rats.
A. heart, B. kidney, and C. quadriceps muscle. Deletion frequency and deletions per nucleus correspond to interrogation of the major arc of the mitochondrial genome as demonstrated in Fig 1B. Whisker plots denote mean and SEM. Black circles denote control rats, grey squares denote remdesivir-treated rats. N = 7–9 per experimental group.