Table 1.
Comparison of HHO with AHA and GNDO.
Table 2.
Pseudocode.
Fig 1.
Flowchart of Otsu thresholding optimized by enhanced HHO.
Table 3.
Unimodal benchmark functions.
Table 4.
Multimodal benchmark functions.
Fig 2.
Results of unimodal benchmark functions (F1–F7).
Fig 3.
Results of multimodal benchmark functions.
Fig 4.
Convergence behavior for unimodal problems.
Fig 5.
Convergence behavior for multimodal problems (F21-F23).
Fig 6.
Image collected from bank abutment.
Fig 7.
Process of the application system.
Table 5.
Practical engineering case results.
Fig 8.
Case convergence curve.
Fig 9.
Application system.