Table 1.
Search and PICO.
Fig 1.
PRISMA flowchart indicating the study selection process.
Table 2.
Study characteristics.
Fig 2.
JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses.
Bar graph highlighting the quality components of included systematic reviews/meta-analyses for reporting methodological quality.
Fig 3.
Standardized mean difference (SMD) for vestibular/ocular symptoms (balance).
Trivial effect
Small effect
Moderate effect ◆ Large effect. Forest plot to illustrate the standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence intervals) for studies evaluating the effect that active rehabilitation has on measures of balance. BBS: Berg Balance Scale; SL: Single leg.
Fig 4.
Standardized mean difference (SMD) for motor symptoms.
Trivial effect
Small effect
Moderate effect ◆ Large effect. Forest plot to illustrate the standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% confidence intervals) for studies evaluating the effect that active rehabilitation has on measures of motor function. Fig 4A is comprised of measures that observed general motor function. Fig 4B is comprised of measures that observed functional mobility. Fig 4C is comprised of measures that observed gait speed and velocity. FoG: Freezing of gait; TUG: Timed up and go test; UPDRS III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Score Part III (motor); 6mWT: Six-minute walk test.
Fig 5.
Standardized mean difference (SMD) for global cognitive measures.
Trivial effect
Small effect
Moderate effect ◆ Large effect. Forest plot to illustrate the standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% confidence intervals) for studies evaluating the effect that active rehabilitation has on measures of cognitive function.