Table 1.
PICO criteria.
Fig 1.
PRISMA flowchart of selected studies.
Fig 2.
Forest plot for MD of waist circumference (cm) between GMD and non-GDM group based on a random effects model.
Each study is distinguished by its author (year) and countries. Each line segment’s midpoint shows the MD estimate; the length of line segment indicates 95% confidence interval (CI) in each study, and the diamond mark illustrates the pooled estimate of MD.
Fig 3.
Pooled MD and 95% confidence interval of anthropometric index.
The diamond mark illustrates the pooled MD, and the length of the diamond indicates 95% CI.
Table 2.
Pooled MD (95% confidence interval) and heterogeneity of anthropometric indices.
Fig 4.
Association between pooled mean difference (MD) of waist circumference with age (A) and publication year (B) by means of meta regression. The size of circles indicates the precision of each study. There is no significant association with respect to the pooled MD of waist circumference with age publication year.
Table 3.
Results of the univariate meta-regression analysis on the heterogeneity of the determinant.
Table 4.
Result of publication bias for anthropometric indices and fill and trim method result of adjusting publication bias.
Table 5.
Details of studies included in the systematic review.