Fig 1.
Flowchart indicating patient classification. NPT, neuropsychological tests; OHE, overt hepatic encephalopathy; CHE, covert hepatic encephalopathy.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients (Cohort 1).
Fig 2.
Effect of rifaximin treatment on hyperammonemia.
(a) Changes in the blood ammonia levels in patients from pre-treatment to 48 weeks after starting treatment are shown on the Y-axis. (b) Changes in the relative ratio of the ammonia level measured during treatment to its pre-treatment value are shown on the Y-axis. In each graph, plots and data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Fig 3.
One-year cumulative transition rate to overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE).
Fig 4.
Effect of rifaximin in improving covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE).
(a) Total abnormal scores of neuropsychological tests (NPT) are shown on the Y-axis. Plots and data represent the mean ± SD. (b) Number of patients with CHE before and 12 weeks after treatment is shown on the Y-axis.
Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and pre-treatment predictive factors for recovery from CHE diagnosed by NPT (Cohort 2).
Fig 5.
Ammonia levels before treatment with rifaximin and after recovery from covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE).
(a) Receiver operating characteristic curve showing the baseline ammonia level that is predictive of recovery from CHE at 12 weeks after rifaximin administration. (b) The Y-axis presents the percentage of cases showing recovery from CHE when cases were categorized according to the ammonia level (NH3 < 129 μg/dL and NH3 ≥ 129 μg/dL).