Fig 1.
Reciprocating positive displacement pump. Front view with scale bars (a) and rear view (b) of fully assembled reciprocating positive displacement pump.
Table 1.
Organ systems scenarios and corresponding flow rate, beat rate, and systolic time input profiles into reciprocating positive displacement pump.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagram of testing setup.
Illustrates flow of fluids and data collection locations of user input verification.
Table 2.
Verified pulsation rate, volume rate and amplitude range achievable by the reciprocating positive displacement pump.
Fig 3.
Expected vs. measured low, mid, and high bulk flow rate ranges.
Illustrates the expected versus mean of measured volume rate across 10 channels for low flow ranges (0ml/min– 0.4ml/min) (A), mid flow ranges (0.4ml/min– 1.4ml/min) (B), and high flow ranges (3ml/min– 16ml/min) (C) with a linear function showing a regression and R2 value for each plot.
Table 3.
Verified organ systems explored in this paper within achievable range of reciprocating positive displacement pump.
Fig 4.
Standard deviation across full bulk flow rate range.
Illustrates the standard deviation(A) and relative standard deviation(B) across full range of tested flow ranges.
Fig 5.
Bland-Altman plot across bulk flow rate ranges.
Illustrates Bland-Altman plot across low(A), mid (B), and high (C) bulk flow rate ranges.
Fig 6.
Low flow range pulsatile waveform patterns.
Visual representation of flow waveform pattern of mean flow in order from lowest to highest bulk volume rate simulated in low flow rate range; effects of caffeine on fingertip blood flow autoregulation (post-caffeine) (A), retinal blood flow by laser doppler velocimetry (B), fingertip blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography (C), effects of caffeine on fingertip blood flow autoregulation (pre-caffeine) (D), retinal blood flow by laser doppler velocimetry (E), effects of caffeine on fingertip blood flow autoregulation (baseline) (F), critical vasoconstriction temperature for fingertip blood flow (G), retinal blood flow by phase contrast MRI (H).
Fig 7.
Mid flow range pulsatile waveform patterns.
Visual representation of flow waveform pattern of mean flow in order from lowest to highest bulk volume rate simulated in mid flow rate range; fingertip blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography (A), total pulsatile ocular blood flow by phase contrast MRI (B), splenic arteriovenous flow differential in rats (pre-caudal ligation) (C), splenic arteriovenous flow differential in rats (pre-rostral ligation) (D), total pulsatile ocular blood flow by phase contrast MRI (E), ocular choroidal blood flow by phase contrast MRI (F), total pulsatile ocular blood flow by Langham pneumotonometer (G), splenic arteriovenous flow differential in rats (post-caudal ligation) (H), splenic arteriovenous flow differential in rats (post-rostral ligation) (I).
Fig 8.
High flow range pulsatile waveform patterns.
Visual representation of flow waveform pattern of mean flow in order from lowest to highest bulk volume rate simulated in high flow rate range; Middle meningeal Artery (A), Ophthalmic Artery (B).
Fig 9.
Visualization of single second pulsatile waveform patterns.
Visual Representation of comparison of lower, mean, and upper limits of flow waveform patterns across 1 second for choroidal blood flow rates (A), total pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements (B), retinal blood flow gathered through MRI (C), retinal blood flow gathered using Laser Doppler velocimetry (D).
Fig 10.
Visual representation of simulation using reciprocating pump of one-second flow waveform patterns of retinal blood flow in a healthy, diabetic, and glaucoma patient scenarios generated from a computational framework.