Fig 1.
A gutter cluttered with Theba pisana behind a local business in Oceanside, CA (A). A utility box covered with aestevating T. pisana beside a local business in Oceanside, CA (B). Clusters of aestivating T. pisana on a tree beside a sidewalk in Oceanside, CA (C).
Fig 2.
Treatment arena for determining the lethality of three US strains of Phasmarhabditis californica (ITD726), P. papillosa (ITD510), and P. hermaphrodita (ITD272) against (11.5-15mm/0.4–1.2 gram) Theba pisana at 5 times recommended dose of 150IJs/cm2 (A) and for the dosage dependence of P. californica lethality against (11.5-15mm/0.5–1.3 gram) T. pisana at 30 IJs/cm2 (Nemaslug® recommended dose) and 90 IJs/cm2 (B).
Fig 3.
A dead adult Theba pisana snail with mixed stages of Phasmarhabditis californica (ITD726) within the shell cavity.
Fig 4.
Kaplan Meier graph showing the percent survival of large adult Theba pisana over 14 days after exposure to 5 times the Nemaslug ®-recommended dose (150 IJs/cm2) of three US strains of Phasmarhabditis californica (ITD726), P. papillosa (ITD510), and P. hermaphrodita (ITD271), and Sluggo Plus®.
The snails only control included a treatment with no application of Phasmarhabditis. **** indicates a p value less than 0.0001 compared to untreated control. Statistical analyses were performed by doing Mantel-Cox log rank analyses comparing each treatment to each other.
Fig 5.
Kaplan Meier graph showing the percent survival of adult Theba pisana over 14 days after exposure to the Nemaslug ®-recommended dose (30 IJs/cm2) and three times the recommended dose (90 IJs/cm2) of Phasmarhabditis californica (ITD726) and Sluggo Plus®.
** indicates a p value less than 0.01 compared to the untreated (snails only) control. Statistical analyses were performed by doing Mantel-Cox log rank analyses comparing each treatment to each other.