Fig 1.
Impact of eight SEFs on individual risk factors and CV and all-cause mortality.
Table 1.
Individual characteristics.
Fig 2.
Spatial models for six spatial environmental factors (SEFs) across Golestan Province, Iran.
These models were used to assign environmental exposures to individuals based on their location of residence. Methodologies are described in S1 Table in S1 File. A. Land use based on satellite imagery [28]. B. Proportion of households burning biomass fuels without a chimney. Estimates derived from Gaussian process regression (kriging) of average fuel use patterns for each village geocode [20]. C. Proximity to traffic, defined as within 100m of a minor highway or within 500m of a major highway [20]. D. Proximity to percutaneous coronary intervention centers [20]. E. Average socioeconomic status index score. Estimates derived from kriging of median socioeconomic score for each geocode [23]. F. Average annual intensity of light-at-night using satellite imagery [27]. Models developed in ArcGIS [38]. All displayed data is either in the public domain, collected by the investigators, or for illustrative purposes only.
Table 2.
Individual exposures to spatial environmental factors.
Table 3.
Hazard ratios for individual risk factors.
Table 4.
Hazard ratios for eight spatial environmental factors.