Table 1.
Details of MRI data acquisition across research centres in Canada and United States.
Fig 1.
Resting state networks (RSNs) extracted from the whole group of participants using the Melodic—Group ICA approach.
The color bar represents the range of intensity voxels. Brain maps are shown in radiological convention.
Table 2.
Demographic and clinical features of ALS patients and healthy subjects.
Fig 2.
Resting-state networks (RSNs) displayed significant intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) differences in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients compared to healthy subjects (HC).
Red: Higher Rs-FC in sensorimotor RSN, cerebellum RSN, auditory RSN, default mode RSN, right fronto-parietal RSN, left fronto-parietal RSN, orbitofrontal RSN, dorsal attention RSN, basal ganglia RSN, medial temporal RSN, ventral stream RSN. Green: Mask obtained from the respective RSNs. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using the family-wise error approach ate p<0.05. The color bar represents 1-p values. Brain maps are shown in radiological convention.
Table 3.
Brain areas exhibiting higher intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) in resting-state networks (RSNs).
Fig 3.
Significant correlations between higher intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) and the clinical variables of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.
ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R); Edinburg Cognitive and Behavioral ALS screening (ECAS) Total score and Specific and Non-Specific subdomain scores; Upper motor neuron (UMN) burden; Disease Progression Rate; Symptom duration; Left and Right foot tapping; and Right finger tapping. Red: Positive correlation. Blue: Negative correlation. Green: Mask obtained from the respective RSNs. Results were corrected for the multiple comparisons using the family-wise error approach at p<0.05. Color bar represents 1-p values. Brain maps are shown in radiological convention.
Table 4.
Brain areas showing positive and negative correlations between higher intra-network resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) in resting-state networks (RSNs) and clinical data.
Fig 4.
The t-test comparisons between the matrixes of partial correlation obtained from the time course series of 13 resting-state networks (RSNs) obtained from the whole group of participants.
a: Higher inter-network resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) between basal ganglia RSN and orbitofrontal RSN (Corrected for multiple comparisons using the family-wise error approach at p<0.05). b: Negative correlation between increased Rs-FC between basal ganglia RSN and orbitofrontal RSN and ECAS ALS Specific score (Spearmen rank correlation; [p = 0.01; rs = -0.21]). Star: Higher Rs-FC in ALS patients than healthy subjects (HC).