Fig 1.
Participant flow through the study.
Table 1.
A comparison of the demographic and injury characteristics of the Bionic incidence study cohort and the sample consenting to the 8-year follow-up.
Mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage) of participants for demographic and injury variables for the TBI incidence cohort and the sample consenting to the eight year follow up. Chi-square goodness of fit tests were used to determine if the 8-year sample was representative of the incidence sample.
Table 2.
A comparison of the demographic characteristics of the males and females in the mTBI group 8 years post-injury and the comparison group.
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (percentage) for demographic variables for the mTBI and comparison group and for injury severity and medical diagnoses for the mTBI group (information not available for the comparison group). Two-way ANOVA or chi-square tests were used to explore differences by group and gender.
Table 3.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for the males and females in the mTBI (8-years post-injury) and comparison groups for the outcome measures.
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for males and females in the mTBI group 8 years post-injury and a TBI-free comparison group for measures of symptom and symptom burden and functional outcomes. Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to explore differences by group and gender.
Fig 2.
The percentage of participants in the mTBI and comparison group meeting the cut-off scores for the RPQ (a), HADS depression (b), HADS anxiety (c) and PCL-C (d) Note: Data are presented as the percentage of the group meeting the cut-off score.
N for mTBI group = 151 (males = 77, females = 74); N for TBI free group = 151 (males = 74, females = 77). The cut-off for the RPQ was 4 or more items with a rating >2; the cut-off score for the HADS was ≥8 and the cut-off score for the PCL-C was ≥14. * p<.05 **p<.01 from chi-square tests.
Fig 3.
The percentage of participants in the single and repetitive TBI groups meeting the cut-off scores for the RPQ, HADS depression, HADS anxiety and PCL-C.
Note: Data are presented as the percentage of the group meeting the cut-off score. N for single TBI group = 61 (males = 24, females = 37); N for repetitive TBI group = 90 (males = 53, females = 37) The cut-off for the RPQ was 4 or more items with a rating >2; the cut-off score for the HADS was ≥8 and the cut-off score for the PCL-C was ≥14. * p<.05 **p<.01 from chi-square tests.
Table 4.
Descriptive and inferential statistics for males and female with single or repetitive TBI for each outcome measures.
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for males and females with a single or repetitive TBI eight years post-injury for measures of symptom and symptom burden and functional outcomes. Two-way ANOVAs were conducted to explore differences by group and sex.