Fig 1.
ED = emergency department, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, PCR = polymerase chain reaction.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in COVID-19 and controls.
Fig 2.
Distribution of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 and controls at ED presentation.
P-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney-U test; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IL-6 = interleukin-6, CRP = c-reactive protein, PCT = procalcitonin, ED = emergency department.
Fig 3.
Distribution of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 and controls regarding the primary outcome.
Primary outcome was the need for hospitalisation at ED presentation; P-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney-U test; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IL-6 = interleukin-6, CRP = c-reactive protein, PCT = procalcitonin, ED = emergency department.
Fig 4.
Discriminative performance of inflammatory biomarkers regarding the primary outcome in COVID-19 and controls.
ROC for the primary outcome of hospitalisation at ED presentation in COVID-19 and controls; ROC = receiver operating characteristic curves, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IL-6 = interleukin-6, CRP = c-reactive protein, PCT = procalcitonin, ED = emergency department.
Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in hospitalised and non-hospitalised cases in COVID-19 and controls.
Table 3.
Binary logistic regression model for the outcome of hospitalisation.
Fig 5.
Distribution of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 and controls regarding secondary outcome.
Secondary outcome was the composite of ICU admission or death at 30 days; P-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney-U test; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IL-6 = interleukin-6, CRP = c-reactive protein, PCT = procalcitonin, ICU = intensive care unit.
Fig 6.
Discriminative performance of inflammatory biomarkers regarding the secondary outcome in COVID-19 and controls.
ROC for the secondary outcome of ICU admission or death at 30 days; ROC = receiver operating characteristic curves, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IL-6 = interleukin-6, CRP = c-reactive protein, PCT = procalcitonin, ICU = intensive care unit.
Fig 7.
Event curves of COVID-19 cases for the secondary outcome stratified by IL-6 and CRP.
Event curves for the secondary outcome of the composite of ICU-admission or death at 30 days. The respective medians served as cut-off values for IL-6 (left) and CRP (right). Numbers at risk are displayed at the bottom of the figure; P-values were calculated using the log-rank test; IL-6 = interleukin-6, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, CRP = c-reactive protein, HR = hazard ratio.
Table 4.
Cox regression model for the outcome of the composite endpoint.