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Fig 1.

Mean reaction times (naming latency) and standard error (in milliseconds) observed in Experiment 1 broken down by ordinal position and word type.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Visual illustration of the interaction between the interference effect (difference between mean naming latencies on ordinal position 1 and 5 (in ms)) and the semantic similarity rating score.

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Fig 2 Expand

Table 1.

Main model Experiment 1.

1000/RT ~ Word type*Ordinal position *Presentation + Word type*Ordinal position*Semantic similarity + Picture fit+ Trial + (Word type*Presentation+ Ordinal position +Picture fit+ Semantic similarity||Subject) + (1|Category \ Item).

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 3.

Mean reaction times (response latency) and standard error (in milliseconds) observed in Experiment 2 broken down by ordinal position.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Visual representation of the facilitation effect in all five presentations.

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Table 2.

Main model Experiment 2.

-1000/RT ~ Word type*Ordinal position + Ordinal position *Presentation+ Ordinal position: Semantic similarity: Presentation+ Ordinal position: Semantic similarity + Semantic similarity + Ordinal position *Classification type+ Trial+(Word type* Ordinal position +Presentation+ Semantic similarity +Classification type||Subject) + (1|Category/Item)+ (0+Presentation||Category).

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 5.

Predicted facilitation effect of Experiment 2 (in ms) by the interference effect observed in Experiment 1 (in ms), broken down by word type condition.

Interference can only predict facilitation of simple nouns but not of compounds.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Depiction of the interaction of Interference effect and Semantic similarity found in the analysis for simple nouns.

A strong interference effect (x-axis, in ms) predicts a weak facilitation effect (y-axis) but only for items that are less-closely related.

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Fig 6 Expand