Fig 1.
Full migration track of a pregnant female humpback whale in the Northeastern Atlantic.
Locations from predicted path colored by the different migration segments. Tagging location is indicated by an orange triangle and the putative location of birth is indicated by an orange square. The inset shows movements on the breeding grounds, colored by movement persistence, yellow indicating directional travel, and blue indicating meandering movement. Arrows show the direction of movement. Dotted blue lines in the main map indicate the shortest possible distances through water. Contour lines show the 200 m, 1000 m, and 2000 m bathymetric isolines (data from [30] for the main map and [31] for the inset). Landmass data was obtained from naturalearth.
Fig 2.
Photographs from deployment and resighting with calf.
Left: Fluke and tag position at time of deployment (January 8th, 2019). Right: First re-sighting the following season, the individual accompanied by calf (November 2nd, 2019) with the tag still in place. Photo: A. Rikardsen.
Table 1.
Parameters, units and values used to calculate the energetic cost of migration.
Fig 3.
Migration and movement persistence.
Migration of the whale as indicated by the change of latitude over time with movement persistence, γ, at the respective location shown in color (0–1). Background shading indicates when the whale was observed over the continental shelf (water depth < 200 m [32]). The time spent on shelf regions are associated with low γ in dark blue indicative of area restricted search behavior, while high γ in yellow indicates transit. The blue dotted lines indicate the break points based on changes in mean movement persistence.
Fig 4.
Speed during the migration segments.
Chronological from left to right: Norway–Iceland, Iceland–West Indies, West Indies–Barents Sea. Segmentation based on movement persistence. The dotted red line indicates the putative time of calving based on a segmentation analysis of the “southward migration 2” segment, which was associated with a change in median speed from 1.7 ms-1 to 1.3 ms-1 (horizontal lines indicate median speed and dotted lines the respective first and third quartiles).
Table 2.
Energetic cost of migration.