Fig 1.
Hierarchical clustering of samples for males (A) and females (B) in the OBS discovery cohort.
C: neonates of non-obese control mothers (n = 10/sex), O: neonates of mothers with obesity (n = 10/sex).
Table 1.
OBS and ALSPAC subject demographics.
Fig 2.
Overview of differentially methylated regions in the OBS discovery cohort.
(A) Number of DMRs in relation to chromosomal locations that are either hypermethylated (red) or hypomethylated (blue) in male and female neonates born to mothers with obesity compared to controls. (B) Proportion of DMRs in relation to genetic regions. (C) Representative top DMR in male neonates on the ABCG1 gene showing methylation percentage in individual CpG sites within the DMR. (D) Representative top DMR in female neonates on the BCL9 gene showing methylation percentage in individual CpG sites within the DMR. The genomic track shows the gene location starting from the first exon and the DMR location. Hypermethylation refers to greater DNA methylation among neonates from mothers with obesity compared to neonates from mothers with a normal BMI. Hypomethylation refers to lesser DNA methylation among neonates from mothers with obesity compared to neonates from mothers with a normal BMI.
Fig 3.
Annotation of differentially methylated regions for the OBS and ALSPAC cohorts.
The numbers of genes associated with DMRs for (A) male and (B) female neonates. (C) The number of genes for each sex for genes that replicated across both cohorts. The total number of genes associated with DMRs for each sex are shown in parentheses.
Table 2.
Top 10 genes associated with differential methylation in neonates, common to the OBS and ALSPAC cohorts.
In some instances, multiple DMRs were associated with a given gene therefore a range of methylation difference percentage is provided. Genes with at least three DMRs are shown. The genes in bold were common to both males and females.