Table 1.
List of 188 amaranth accessions and their morphological traits observed under shade-house conditions.
Fig 1.
Venn diagram showing the presence, average and overlap of SNPs in the six largest amaranth species sets.
Fig 2.
Population structure of (A) 16 amaranth species and (B) 118 A. tricolor accessions at K = 3, respectively. Each vertical bar represents a single accession and the length of each bar represents the proportion contributed by each sub-population. The group membership for each population structure is similar to the UPGMA dendogram.
Fig 3.
UPGMA phylogenetic tree of (A) 16 amaranth species and (B) 118 A. tricolor accessions. Yellow-dotted accessions were out-grouped A. tricolor and red-colored accessions were amaranth species that are closely related to most A. tricolor. Purple-colored and yellow-colored accessions were positioned in different clades of the second population structure as in (B).
Fig 4.
3D-plot principles coordinate analysis of (A) 16 amaranth species and (B) 118 A. tricolor accessions.
Table 2.
12 MTAs (P≤0.001) of three morphological traits; branching index, inflorescence color and leaf shape in 16 amaranth species.
Table 3.
58 MTAs (P≤0.001) of four morphological traits; inflorescence color, and leaf, petiole and stem pigmentations in 118 A. tricolor accessions.
Fig 5.
Manhattan plot and QQ plot for branching index (BI), inflorescence color (IC), leaf pigmentation (LP) and leaf shape (LS) of 16 amaranth species.
Fig 6.
Manhattan plot and QQ plot for inflorescence color (IC), leaf pigmentation (LP), petiole pigmentation (PP) and stem pigmentation (SP) of 118 A. tricolor accessions.