Table 1.
Meteorological data of the experimental sites during May-September in 2019.
Table 2.
The basic physical and chemical properties of soil.
Table 3.
Weed injury level at 15, 30 d after application of mesotrione and simulated rainfall.
Table 4.
Effect of simulated rainfall on the weed control of mesotrione.
Fig 1.
Effect of simulated rainfall on carotenoid content in leaves of C. album treated by mesotrione after 3 (A) and 6 (B) DAT. X-axis represents different rainfall intensity; y-axis represents the carotenoid content of leaves. CK means that there was no rain after the application of mesotrione, T1, T2, T3, and T4 represent different rainfall interval times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h). Effect of simulated rainfall on carotenoid content in leaves of C. album treated by mesotrione after 3 DAT (A) and 6 DAT (B). Lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Table 5.
Effect of simulated rainfall on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of C. album treated by mesotrione.
Fig 2.
Effect of 2 mm/h rain intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. album treated by mesotrione.
CK and T1, T2, T3, T4 on the x-axis represent no rain and different rainfall interval times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) respectively; y-axis represents chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Diamonds, squares, triangles and circles represent different times after treatment (12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 4 d, respectively). A) the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm); B) the actual photochemical quantum yield Y(II); C) the regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ); D) the non-regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO) of C. album treated by mesotrione. Lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Fig 3.
Effect of 6 mm/h rain intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. album treated by mesotrione.
CK and T1, T2, T3, T4 on the x-axis represent no rain and different rainfall interval times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) respectively; y-axis represents chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Diamonds, squares, triangles and circles represent different times after treatment (12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 4 d, respectively). A) the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm); B) the actual photochemical quantum yield Y (II); C) the regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y (NPQ); D) the non-regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y (NO) of C. album treated by mesotrione. Lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Fig 4.
Effect of 10 mm/h rain intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of C. album treated by mesotrione.
CK and T1, T2, T3, T4 on the x-axis represent no rain and different rainfall interval times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h) respectively; y-axis represents chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Diamonds, squares, triangles and circles represent different times after treatment (12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 4 d, respectively). A) the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm); B) the actual photochemical quantum yield Y (II); C) the regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ); D) the non-regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y (NO) of C. album treated by mesotrione. Lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.