Table 1.
Sensitivity analysis with zmin, zmax, ωl, ωu, cr.
Table 2.
Sensitivity analysis with R1, R2, s, p.
Table 3.
Comparison results of each improved strategy on the 30-dimensional CEC2013 test suite.
Table 4.
Wilcoxon rank sum test between PRO and each improved strategy.
Table 5.
Comparison results of IPRO and PRO on CEC2013 test suite.
Table 6.
Initial parameters setting of each algorithm.
Table 7.
Comparison results of 5 algorithms on the 30-dimensional CEC2013 test suite.
Table 8.
Wilcoxon rank sum test between IPRO and each comparison algorithm on CEC2013 test suite.
Table 9.
Friedman- test of 5 algorithms (D = 30).
Fig 1.
Convergence curves on F1.
Fig 2.
Convergence curves on F2.
Fig 3.
Convergence curves on F3.
Fig 4.
Convergence curves on F4.
Fig 5.
Convergence curves on F5.
Fig 6.
Convergence curves on F6.
Fig 7.
Convergence curves on F7.
Fig 8.
Convergence curves on F8.
Fig 9.
Convergence curves on F9.
Fig 10.
Convergence curves on F10.
Fig 11.
Convergence curves on F11.
Fig 12.
Convergence curves on F12.
Fig 13.
Convergence curves on F13.
Fig 14.
Convergence curves on F14.
Fig 15.
Convergence curves on F15.
Fig 16.
Convergence curves on F16.
Fig 17.
Convergence curves on F17.
Fig 18.
Convergence curves on F18.
Fig 19.
Convergence curves on F19.
Fig 20.
Convergence curves on F20.
Fig 21.
Convergence curves on F21.
Fig 22.
Convergence curves on F22.
Fig 23.
Convergence curves on F23.
Fig 24.
Convergence curves on F24.
Fig 25.
Convergence curves on F25.
Fig 26.
Convergence curves on F26.
Fig 27.
Convergence curves on F27.
Fig 28.
Convergence curves on F28.