Table 1.
Overview of inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Fig 1.
Flow of studies through the review process.
Fig 2.
The five most present types of knowledge of ISPs in the included articles.
The size of the circle indicates the number of studies which reported the specific knowledge area: knowledge about the clinical practice (n = 49), knowledge about implementation / improvement practice (n = 39), knowledge about the local context (n = 24), knowledge about supporting change processes (n = 20), knowledge about facilitating evidence-based practice (EBP) in general (n = 16). Publications were included in this visualization when they reported on at least one type of knowledge. The overlap between circles shows the co-presence of knowledge areas.
Fig 3.
The five most present types of knowledge of ISPs in the included articles according to distinct position.
*n = number of reported studies; positions were included with a minimum of n = 4 reported studies.
Fig 4.
The seven most present attitudes of ISPs in the included articles.
The size of the circles indicates the number of studies which reported the specific attitude: professional attitude (n = 28), motivated / motivating / encouraging / empowering attitude (n = 25), empathetic / respectful / sensitive attitude (n = 20), collaborative / inclusive attitude (n = 19), authentic attitude (n = 13), creative / flexible / innovative / adaptive attitude (n = 9), frank / direct / honest attitude (n = 5). Publications were included in this visualization when they reported on at least one type of attitudes. The overlap between circles shows the co-presences of attitudes as reported in the articles.
Fig 5.
The seven most present attitudes of ISPs in literature according to distinct position.
*n = number of reported studies; positions were included with a minimum of n = 4 reported studies.