Fig 1.
The pseudo code of DEGWO.
Fig 2.
Three-dimensional graph of F1(x).
Fig 3.
Three-dimensional graph of F2(x).
Fig 4.
Three-dimensional graph of F3(x).
Fig 5.
Three-dimensional graph of F4(x).
Fig 6.
Three-dimensional graph of F5(x).
Fig 7.
Three-dimensional graph of F6(x).
Fig 8.
Three-dimensional graph of F7(x).
Fig 9.
Three-dimensional graph of F8(x).
Fig 10.
Three-dimensional graph of F9(x).
Fig 11.
Three-dimensional graph of F10(x).
Fig 12.
Three-dimensional graph of F11(x).
Fig 13.
Three-dimensional graph of F12(x).
Table 1.
Benchmark functions.
Fig 14.
The convergence curves of F1(x).
Fig 15.
The convergence curves of F2(x).
Fig 16.
The convergence curves of F3(x).
Fig 17.
The convergence curves of F4(x).
Fig 18.
The convergence curves of F5(x).
Fig 19.
The convergence curves of F6(x).
Fig 20.
The convergence curves of F7(x).
Fig 21.
The convergence curves of F8(x).
Fig 22.
The convergence curves of F9(x).
Fig 23.
The convergence curves of F10(x).
Fig 24.
The convergence curves of F11(x).
Fig 25.
The convergence curves of F12(x).
Table 2.
Result of benchmark functions.
Fig 26.
Construction process of dam deformation prediction model based on PSR-SVM-DEGWO.
Fig 27.
Vertical arrangement of the dam body.
Fig 28.
The observed horizontal displacement and water level of the measured points.
Fig 29.
I(τ) ~ τ curve for the observed displacement data series of the PL13-2.
Fig 30.
I(τ) ~ τ curve for the observed displacement data series of the PL13-3.
Fig 31.
E1(m)~m and E2(m)~m curves for the observed displacement data series of the PL13-2.
Fig 32.
E1(m)~m and E2(m)~m curves for the observed displacement data series of the PL13-3.
Fig 33.
Double logarithmic curve of correlation dimension of the PL13-2.
Fig 34.
Double logarithmic curve of correlation dimension of the PL13-3.
Fig 35.
The fitness curves of the GWO and DEGWO model (conventional) of the PL13-2.
Fig 36.
The fitness curves of the GWO and DEGWO model (chaotic) of the PL13-2.
Fig 37.
The fitness curves of the GWO and DEGWO model (conventional) of the PL13-3.
Fig 38.
The fitness curves of the GWO and DEGWO model (chaotic) of the PL13-4.
Fig 39.
The predicted results of six models at PL13-2.
Table 3.
Predictive performance of six models at PL13-2.
Fig 40.
The predicted results of six models at PL13-3.
Table 4.
Predictive performance of six models at PL13-3.