Fig 1.
10 days old culture of Colletotrichum alatae LCS1 (A), Light microscopic image of sterile mycelium (B), Scanning electron micrograph of sterile hyphae (C-D).
Fig 2.
a- Antibacterial activity of the LCS1 culture extract (31.25 μg/mL) against MRSA in a nutrient agar medium. b- Antibacterial action of the F3 (fraction 3) with highest clear zone of inhibition. c- Clear zone of inhibition of bacterial (MRSA) growth on TLC plate after TTC application.
Table 1.
Antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC- μg/mL) of C. alatae LCS1 EA (ethyl-acetate) culture extract against pathogenic bacteria.
Fig 3.
Killing kinetics of pathogenic microorganisms over time when treated with different concentrations of MIC values a–P. aeruginosa b–MRSA c- V. parahaemolyticus d- B. cereus e–B. subtilis f–E. coli. Values on the graphs are the means ± Standard error (SE) of the three replicates.
Fig 4.
Leakage of intracellular macromolecules in to extracellular environment A–DNA content B- protein content. Values on the graphs are the means ± Standard error (SE) of the three replicates. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. The different letters a, and b in each case (for each bacterial pathogen at control and at treated condition) represents a significant difference between them (At, P<0.05).
Table 2.
Effect of different physical conditions and chemical supplements on biomass and antibacterial activity (ZOI-zone of inhibition) by Colletotrichum alatae LCS1.
Against MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Table 3.
Role of available oxygen on growth and antibacterial production by Colletotrichum alatae LCS1.
Table 4.
Experimental design and results of the Box-Behnken design for the optimization of the antibacterial activity of the fungal isolate Colletotrichum alatae LCS1.
Fig 5.
The contour plot and 3D-plot with 2D-projection showing the most important interactions of factors in RSM optimization of antibacterial activity by Colletotrichum alatae LCS1 (A1 &A2) between yeast extract conc.
(YEC) vs. glucose conc. (GC) at fermentation time (FT) 7 days and medium pH (M-pH) 6.5 (B1 & B2) between YEC vs. M-pH at FT 7 days and GC 8 (C1 & C2) between YEC vs. FT at GC 8 and M-pH 6.5 (D1 & D2) between GC and M-pH at FT 7 days and YEC of 0.47 (E1 & E2) between GC vs. FT at YEC 0.47 and M-pH 6.5 (F1 & F2) between M-pH vs. FT at GC 8 and YEC 0.47.
Table 5.
ANOVA for response surface quadratic regression model of antibacterial productions by endophytic Colletotrichum alatae LCS1.
Fig 6.
a HPLC chromatogram of antibacterial fraction of LCS1 extract obtained using a C18 reverse phase column and gradient elution was used with the mobile phase composed of (A) acetonitrile–water–phosphoric acid (19:80:1) and (B) acetonitrile with a flow-rate of 0.8 mL/min. Fig 6B HPLC chromatogram of standard bisabolol chemical Fig 6C Full scan chromatographic profile obtained from the bioactive fraction (antibacterial) of endophytic fungi Colletotrichum alatae LCS1.
Table 6.
List of bioactive compounds produced by Colletotrichum alatae LCS1and their respective bioactivities.
Fig 7.
Antioxidant activity of endophytic culture extract (ethyl acetate fraction) of Colletotrichum alatae LCS1 and ascorbic acid as standard.
a–Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. b- Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging ability. c- DPPH radical scavenging activity. d–ABTS radical scavenging assay Values on the graphs are the means ± Standard error (SE) of the three replicates.
Table 7.
Antioxidant activity of Colletotrichum alatae LCS1 methanolic culture extract isolated from Lycopodium clavatum.