Fig 1.
Experimental scene in lightroom (measurement with a binocular open auto refractometer).
A luminance-adjustable tablet terminal is set up at a distance of 5 m in front of the eyes of the research participants, presenting the Landolt rings, and measuring the subjective and objective refractive errors.
Fig 2.
Results of logMAR visual acuity in photopic and twilight and AA are shown.
When the results of these three conditions are analyzed using the Friedman test, p<0.001 is obtained. Therefore, Scheffe’s multiple comparison procedures are performed, and the difference is significant at p<0.001 between photopic and twilight, and p<0.001 between photopic and AA.
Fig 3.
Results of subjective and objective spherical and cylindrical refraction in photopic and twilight and AA are shown.
When the results of these three conditions are analyzed using the Friedman test, only subjective spherical refraction shows a difference between the conditions, p = 0.005. Therefore, when Scheffe’s multiple comparison procedure is performed, there is a significant difference in subjective spherical refraction, p = 0.009, between photopic and twilight conditions, and p = 0.049 between photopic and AA.
Fig 4.
Enlarged comparison of the results shown in Fig 3.
Fig 5.
Results of subjective and objective SE in photopic and twilight and AA are shown.
When the results of these three conditions are analyzed using the Friedman test, only subjective SE shows a difference between the conditions, p = 0.003. Therefore, when Scheffe’s multiple comparison procedure is performed, there is a significant difference in subjective SE, p = 0.007, between photopic and twilight conditions, and p = 0.023 between photopic and AA.
Fig 6.
Enlarged comparison of the results shown in Fig 5.
Table 1.
Measurement data of the study participants (n = 20).