Fig 1.
(A) The coated plate of V. parahaemolyticus 6A. (B) Gel electrophoresis result of16s PCR of V. parahaemolyticus 6A. (C) The formed plaques of phage vB_VpS_PG28 using Vibrio parahaemolyticus 6A as a host strain.
Fig 2.
Morphology of the phage vB_VpS_PG28 under transmission electron microscopy.
Table 1.
Lytic activity of vB_VpS_PG28 against tested V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus strains.
Fig 3.
Biological characterization of the phage vB_VpS_PG28.
(A) The multiplicity of infection (MOI) test of vB_VpS_PG28; (B) The one-step growth curve of phage vB_VpS_PG28, and data points show phage titers measured at ten-minute intervals; (C) Thermostability curve of vB_VpS_PG28, and data points are phage titers measured after incubating the phage at different temperatures for 20, 40 and 60 minutes respectively. (D) pH stability of vB_VpS_PG28, and data points are phage titers measured after incubation of phage at different pH for 1h. All assays were performed in triplicate.
Fig 4.
Circular map of the bacteriophage vB_VpS_PG28 genome.
The innermost circle represents the GC skew (G − C/G + C. Outwards indicates > 0 and inwards indicates < 0). the dark circles in the middle represent the GC content (outwards indicates greater than the average GC content compared with the whole genome, and inwards indicates the opposite); The outermost circle represents ORFs encoded in the genome, with different colors representing different functions (clockwise arrow indicates the forward reading frame, counterclockwise arrow indicates the reverse reading frame).
Fig 5.
Percent sequence similarity between phages calculated using VIRIDIC.
The horizontal and vertical coordinates indicate the corresponding phage GenBank Accession number, and the phage in this study is marked in red font.
Fig 6.
Phylogenetic relationship between selected phage amino acid sequences.
(A) Tree assembled with terminase large subunit sequences. (B) Tree assembled with DNA polymerase sequences. The phages of family Siphoviridae are shown in purple. The phages which belonged to family Podoviridae and Myoviridae are selected as outgroups and shown in green and yellow, respectively. The Vibrio phage vB_VpS_PG28 is marked in red.
Fig 7.
Multiple-sequence alignment of phage genomes.
The whole genomes of Vibrio phage vB_VpS_PG28 and Vibrio phage VH2_2019were compared using Easyfig. The grey shading indicates sequence similarities between the genomes.