Table 1.
Summary of autoimmune diseases in patients with ALS.
Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory biomarkers of ALS patients and controls.
Fig 1.
The effect of clinical parameters and immunotherapy on survival.
Survival curves of ALS patients categorized by predominant involvement of UMN or LMN (A), site of onset (B), DPR (C), NLR (D), ESR (E), hs-CRP (F), coexisting AID (G), and immunotherapy (H-I). Patients with bulbar onset and rapid disease progression had worse survival when the relationship between clinical features and survival was analyzed (A-C). No significant difference in survival was found in patients grouped by serum inflammatory biomarkers. Coexisting autoimmune diseases do not influence the survival in ALS patients before and after propensity score matching (G-H). The patients with coexisting ALS and AIDs who had a history of immunotherapy presented a trend of longer survival. UMN, upper motor neuron; LMN, lower motor neuron; DPR, disease progression rate; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; AID, autoimmune disease; IMT, immunotherapy.
Table 3.
Multiple regression analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival in the whole ALS patients.
Fig 2.
Variation in the ALSFRS-R score among ALS patients with coexisting Sjögren syndrome.
In patients who received immunotherapy (blank line), the ALSFRS-R score increased in 1 patient and declined at a slower rate after treatment in 2 patients. The slope of decreased ALSFRS-R score increased in patients not treated with immunotherapy (gray line). ALSFRS-R, revised ALS functional rating scale; IMT, immunotherapy.
Table 4.
Clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory biomarkers of ALS patients with AID grouped by the history of immunotherapy.