Fig 1.
Schematic figure showing introduction of the phagemid upon infection.
E. coli infected by M13 phages acquire antibiotic resistance derived from the phagemid vector.
Fig 2.
Schematic of the experiment using the M13 bacteriophage to evaluate the effects of antiviral materials.
Fig 3.
Validation of phage inactivation using commercially available antivirus products.
(A) Representative picture of the TYE plate in which phage-infected E. coli cells were spotted. The dynamic range was set as 10−3 to 10−8 dilution in this experiment. (B, C) The calculated numbers of active phages after treatment with (B) PROTECTON INTERIORWALL VK-500 and (C) PROTECTON BARRIERX Spray. The experiments were repeated 3 times and student’s T-test were used as statistical analysis. p<0.001.
Fig 4.
Effect of serially diluted anti-viral materials.
Fig 5.
Time course experiment using PROTECTON BARRIERX Spray.
Phages were collected at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 1440 min time points and active phage number was calculated.