Fig 1.
Pipeline of the methodology used for this study is represented.
Table 1.
Classification and NCBI accessions of identified OBPs.
Table 2.
Renaming of odorant receptor (ORs) and chromosome.
Fig 2.
Chromosomal location of Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs).
AsteOBPs are shown based on their position on chromosomes of the An. stephensi. Chromosome 2 contained highest number of OBP genes. Some OBPs are clustered on the chromosomes.
Fig 3.
Chromosomal location of Odorant Receptors (ORs).
Position of the OR genes is shown on the chromosomes of the An. stephensi. Chromosome 2 contained highest number of OR genes. Some ORs are clustered on the chromosomes.
Fig 4.
Multiple sequence alignment of the OBPs.
Multiple Sequence Alignment of the OBPs is shown in figure. Conserved motifs have been highlighted in all three classes of the OBPs: Classic, atypical and plus-C OBPs.
Fig 5.
Phylogenetic analysis of OBPs.
Phylogenetic analysis of the OBPs of Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster were carried out using FastTree 2. An. stephensi OBPs showed closer relationship to An. gambiae OBPs. The bootstrap values have been represented in the figure.
Fig 6.
Phylogenetic analysis of Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster ORs were carried out using FastTree 2 on galaxy web server. An. stephensi ORs showed closer relationship to An. gambiae ORs. The bootstrap values have been represented in the figure.
Fig 7.
Synteny analysis were carried out to find the collinear blocks between the OBPs of An. stephensi and OBPs of (A) Ae. aegypti and (B) Ae. gambiae. Chromosomes and chromosomal position of the OBPs have been shown. Green lines (A) show the syntenic relationship between the OBPs of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti whereas blue lines (B) represent the syntenic relationship between the OBPs of An. stephensi and An. gambiae.
Fig 8.
Synteny analysis were carried out to find the collinear blocks between the ORs of An. stephensi and ORs of (A) Ae. aegypti and (B) Ae. gambiae. Chromosomes and chromosomal position of the ORs have been shown along with the lines showing synteny between the ORs. Red lines represent the syntenic relationship between the ORs of An. stephensi with Ae. aegypti (A) and An. gambiae (B).
Fig 9.
Conserved MEME motifs (A), Pfam domains (B) and UTR/CDS (C) are shown. Conserved motifs are present in all the OBPs along with the gene structure. Presence of UTRs and CDS is shown in genes.
Fig 10.
Conserved MEME motifs (A), Pfam domains (B) and UTR/CDS (C) are represented in the figure. Structural domain 7tm_6 of the odorant receptors is present in all the ORs. Whereas some sequences lack the conserved motifs due to partial sequence. UTRs/CDS along with intronic regions are also represented.
Fig 11.
Physicochemical properties of OBPs and ORs.
Molecular weight and isoelectric point of the OBPs and ORs are shown as these are important indicators of the OBPs and ORs functions. Atypical OBPs had highest molecular weight among other classes whereas ORs have higher molecular weight than OBPs.