Fig 1.
Digital elevation model of study area.
Fig 2.
Relationship between backscattering coefficient variation and NDVI.
Table 1.
Parameters of Sentinel-1 GRD data.
Table 2.
Sentinel-2 data.
Fig 3.
Relationship between backscattering coefficient difference and NDVI.
Each point corresponds to the radar signal difference and NDVI in the same pixel position.
Fig 4.
Comparison of measured and estimated soil moisture.
(a) October 28,2018, and (b) August 12, 2019.
Table 3.
Classical statistics of soil moisture.
Fig 5.
Soil moisture map estimated based on SAR data.
(a) February 18,2018, (b) August 17, 2018, (c) August 12, 2019, and (d) December 10, 2019.
Fig 6.
Comparison between soil moisture and monthly precipitation.
(a) average of soil moisture, (b) coefficient of variation of soil moisture.
Fig 7.
Comparison of soil moisture time series between disturbed and undisturbed areas.
Fig 8.
The first two EOFs generated from the soil moisture and their explained variance.
Fig 9.
The time series of the PC and spatial average soil moisture.
Table 4.
Variance contributions (%) of the first six EOFs.
Table 5.
Correlations between EOFs and regional characteristics in sub-regions.
Fig 10.
Comparison of EOF modes with regional characteristics in the disturbed area, undisturbed area, and the whole area.
(a) EOF1, (b) EOF2.