Fig 1.
Map of Mesopotamia showing the location of sites mentioned in the text.
Background imagery courtesy of NASA Blue Marble: Next Generation satellite imagery produced by Reto Stöckli and obtained from NASA’s Earth Observatory (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) [see: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/BlueMarble/]. Map composed by C.A. Petrie.
Fig 2.
Layout of the Royal Tombs and private/non-royal graves within The Cemetery (Ur-online.org cf. Woolley 1934: Vol. II Plates 273 and 274).
Republished from [Ur-online.org cf. Woolley 1934 Vol. II Plates 273 and. 274] under a CC BY license, with permission courtesy of the Penn Museum original copyright 1934, images 142563 and 149980.
Fig 3.
Map showing the geological substrate of Iraq and the location of sites mentioned in the text.
World Geologic Map data for the Arabian Peninsula and Iran courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Map composed by C.A. Petrie.
Fig 4.
Cattle specimen BM1 (1935.01.16,16) “tooth 6” from PG789 “The Kings Grave” (Greenfield 2014).
Fig 5.
Cattle specimen BM2 (1935.01.16,17) “tooth 8” from PG789 “The Kings Grave” (Greenfield 2014).
Fig 6.
Cattle specimen BM3 (1928.10.10,164) PG800 Queen Pu-abi’s Grave. Note the harness attached to the animal still in place when retrieved by L. Woolley (Greenfield 2014).
Table 1.
Summary of Bos taurus teeth selected for sequential enamel δ18O, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr analysis.
Fig 7.
(animal_Sr4.eps): Enamel strontium isotope results from the bovines from Ur compared to those from humans, caprines, molluscs, plants and soils from the Mesopotamian region.
See text for full details.
Fig 8.
(intrateeth_COSr_labels.eps): Bovine enamel sequential intra-tooth carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope results plotted as a function of distance from the enamel root junction (ERJ), separated by individual (different shapes) and the royal/non-royal graves (different colours).
Fig 9.
(bovid_OC.eps): Scatter plot of bovine enamel carbonate sub-sample carbon and oxygen isotope values, separated by individual (different shapes) and the royal/private/non-royal graves (different colours).