Table 1.
Sociodemographic factors associated with ESS.
Table 2.
Clinical factors associated with ESS.
Fig 1.
Relationship between erythrocyte sodium sensitivity (ESS) and covariates in simple linear regression.
ESS absolute values were positively associated with self-reported high salt intake (C), estimated salt intake (D) and negatively associated with red blood cell count (A) and hemoglobin concentration (B). y = erythrocyte sodium sensitivity.
Table 3.
Multiple linear analysis of factors associated with erythrocyte sodium sensitivity.
Fig 2.
Estimated salt intake compared to ESS and self-reported salt consumption.
In (A), participants in high ESS category consumed more salt compared to those in the low category. In (B), individuals who reported to consume high salt had higher estimated salt intake compared to those who self-reported to consume low salt. In (C), ESS correlated positively with estimated salt intake from 24-hour urine samples.
Fig 3.
Illustration depicting the roles of erythrocytes and the glycocalyx in sodium buffering.
The Glycocalyx and erythrocytes are negatively charged and buffer sodium in the vessel. A low buffering capacity leads to friction between the erythrocytes and the glycocalyx resulting in endothelial damage, activation and inflammation which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease.