Fig 1.
Lexical frequency as a function of age of acquisition.
Symbol fill indicates the AoA category, as defined in the legend. Boxplots indicate the distribution of lexical frequency for each AoA category. Horizontal lines indicate the median, and boxes span the 25th to 75th percentiles.
Fig 2.
Word scores by AoA and PPVT scores.
Panels A1 and B1 show the distribution of word scores, plotted as a function of AoA. The horizontal lines indicate the medians, boxes span the 25th to 75th percentiles, and whiskers span the 10th to 90th percentiles. Panels A2 and B2 show the mean SRT for individual listeners, plotted as a function of their receptive vocabulary (PPVT score). Lines indicate the association between percent correct and receptive vocabulary. Box and symbol fill reflects SNR (A1 & A2, Exp 1) or mixed vs. blocked wordlists (B1 & B2, Exp 2), as defined in the legend. All testing in Exp 2 was conducted at -7 dB SNR.
Table 1.
Linear mixed model for results of Experiment 1.
Table 2.
Linear mixed model for results of Experiment 2.
Table 3.
Linear mixed model for combined data from Experiment 1 and 2, collected using -7 dB SNR level and mixed presentation.
Fig 3.
Word duration in sec as a function of AoA.
Word duration was estimated using text-to-speech synthesis for two-syllable words from the Kuperman database. Those estimates of duration in seconds are plotted as a function of AoA in years, shown with grey dots. A three-parameter line fit is shown in red, indicating modest increase in duration with increasing AoA up to 12 years, followed by modest reductions in duration thereafter. The distributions of duration and AoA are indicated in the right and top margins, respectively.