Fig 1.
Location of the three white spruce (grey circles) test sites in Alberta, Canada.
Abbreviations used for the test sites are described in the Table 1. This figure was created in ArcMap [34] using Government of Alberta data [35].
Table 1.
Trial location, sites and climate characteristics, date of planting, experimental design data, and number of original trees selected in each of the three open-pollinated white spruce trials.
Table 2.
Phenotypic mean for the 15 traits assessed in the white spruce population.
Table 3.
Statistics of pairwise relatedness coefficients.
Statistics of pairwise relatedness coefficients for self-relationship coefficients, full-sibs, and half-sibs and unrelated genotyped trees, for both the pedigree (after pedigree correction A-matrix) and genomic information from all available SNPs (467K) (G-matrix).
Fig 2.
Scatter plot between estimated narrow-sense heritability estimated from the pedigree- (A-matrix) and genomic-based (G-matrix) relationship matrices for the 15 studied traits in each of the three white spruces sites.
Abbreviations used for the sites are described in the Table 1.
Table 4.
Estimated narrow-sense heritability and their approximate standard error (SE), for each growth, wood quality, drought resilience and chemical traits in the white spruce population.
Heritability estimates were estimated using the pedigree- (A-matrix) and genomic-based (G-matrix) relationship matrices constructed from all available SNPs (467K). Abbreviations used for the traits and sites are described, respectively, in the text and Table 1.
Fig 3.
Estimated genetic correlations between the different traits from the multiple-trait analysis using the pedigree- (A-matrix, above diagonal) and genomic-based (G-matrix, below diagonal) relationship matrices for the white spruce population.
The genetic correlations are shown in each cell. The color of each individual cell reflects the strength of the genetic correlation, with dark blue and yellow reflecting negative and positive correlations, respectively. Abbreviations used for the traits and sites are described, respectively, in the text and Table 1. NOTE: NA = Correlation were not estimated at the CARS site due to insufficient phenotypic data. Transformed data were used for the correlation estimates of MFA and all monoterpene compounds.
Fig 4.
Estimated genetic correlations between sites for each trait from the multiple-site model using pedigree- (A-matrix) and genomic-based (G-matrix) relationship matrices for the white spruce population.
The estimated genetic correlations are shown in each cell below the diagonal, and the light to dark blue color of each individual cell above the diagonal reflects the strength of the genetic correlation. Abbreviations used for the traits and sites are described, respectively, in the text and Table 1. NOTE: NA = Correlation were not estimated at the CARS site due to insufficient phenotypic data. Transformed data were used for the correlation estimates of MFA and all monoterpene compounds.