Fig 1.
Conceptual framework interrelationship of variables.
Source: Authors’ demonstration based on literature.
Table 1.
Summary descriptive statistics for the key variables.
Table 2.
Data sources and definition of variables.
Fig 2.
Average of the variable by geographical area from 2007 to 2018.
Source: Authors’ Illustration based on the data.
Table 3.
Specification tests for the panel model selection.
Table 4.
The results of the random effect model.