Fig 1.
A. Heat map of gene expression. Heat map of gene expression with expression levels shown as rectangles of different colors: red indicates high levels of differential genes, while Combined with the relationship between their expression levels blue indicates low levels of differential genes. B. Vulcano plot. Vulcano plot showing the difference in DEGs between AMI samples and healthy controls. Genes that are overexpressed are shown in red, while temporarily unrelated genes are shown in black. Genes that are downregulated are shown in blue.
Table 1.
Data set information summary.
Table 2.
Summary of gene information.
Fig 2.
A, GO Circle plot of biological process. The GO circle plot of biological processes shows the biological processes of enrichment. The main enrichment processes are leukocyte chemotaxis:. B, GO Circle plot of cellular component. The GO circle plot of cellular constituents shows the enriched cellular component. The main enriched cellular component is collagen-containing extracellular matrix. C, GO Circle plot of molecular function. GO circles plot of molecular functions shows the enriched molecular functions. The main enriched molecular function is chemokine activity. D. GO Circle of biological process. GO circle of biological processes shows the enriched biological processes. The main enriched processes are granulocyte chemotaxis, granulocyte migration, neutrophil chemotaxis, leukocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil migration, myeloid leukocyte migration, cell chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, blood coagulation, hemostasis. E. GO Circle of cellular component, The GO circle of cellular components shows the enriched cellular components. The main enriched cellular components are secretory granule lumen, cytoplasmic vesicle lumen, vesicle lumen, collagen–containing extracellular matrix, platelet alpha granule, external side of plasma membrane, platelet alpha granule lumen, specific granule, tertiary granule, secretory granule membrane. F. GO Circle of molecular function, The GO circle of molecular function shows the enriched molecular function. The main enriched molecular functions are ficolin-1-rich granule, RAGE receptor binding, cytokine activity, chemokine activity, cytokine binding, receptor-ligand activity, immune receptor activity, signaling receptor activator activity, chemokine receptor binding, cytokine receptor binding. G. GO Functional enrichment network diagram of biological process. The GO functional enrichment network diagram of biological processes shows the enriched biological processes. The main enrichment process is neutrophil chemotaxis. H. GO Functional enrichment network diagram of cellular component. The GO functional enrichment network diagram for cellular components shows the enriched cellular components. The main enriched cellular component is platelet alpha granule lumen. I. GO Functional enrichment network diagram of molecular function. The GO functional enrichment network diagram for molecular functions shows the enriched molecular functions. The main enriched molecular function is chemokine activity. J. GSEA Enrichment plot of BioCarta gene sets. GSEA Enrichment plot of BioCarta gene sets showing the pathway enrichment of 50 differential genes in the BioCarta genome. The main enriched pathways are AMI PATHWAY, CARDIACEGF PATHWAY, GRANULOCYTES PATHWAY, INFLAM PATHWAY, LYM PATHWAY. K. GSEA Enrichment plot of KEGG gene sets. The pathway enrichment of 50 differential genes in the KEGG genome is shown. The main enriched pathways are CELL ADHESION MOLECULES CAMS, CYTOKINE RECEPTOR INTERACTION, FC GAMMA R MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS, LEUKOCYTE TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION, LYSOSOME. L. GSEA Enrichment plot of NABA gene set. GSEA Enrichment plot of NABA gene set shows the enrichment of the cellular components of the 50 differential genes in the NABA genome. The main enriched components are BASEMENT MEMBRANES, COLLAGENS, CORE MATRISOME. ECM AFFILIATED, ECM GLYCOPROTEINS. M. GSEA Enrichment plot of Reactome gene sets. GSEA Enrichment plot of the Reactome genome showing the functional enrichment of 50 differential genes in the Reactome genome. The main enriched functions are ADHERENS JUNCTIONS INTERACTIONS, BINDING, AND UPTAKE OF LIGANDS BY SCAVENGER RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN 1 FAMILY SIGNALING, INTRINSIC PATHWAY OF FIBRIN CLOT FORMATION, SYNTHESIS OF LEUKOTRIENES LT AND EOXINS EX. N. GSEA Enrichment plot of WP Gene Set. The enrichment plot of WP Gene Set shows the pathway enrichment of 50 differential genes in the WP genome. The main enriched pathways are CYTOKINES AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, IL1 SIGNALING PATHWAY, EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE CROSSTALK OF CARDIAC CELLS, STRUCTURAL PATHWAY OF INTERLEUKIN 1 IL1, MICRORNAS IN CARDIOMYOCYTE HYPERTROPHY. O. GSEA ridge plot of BioCarta gene sets. That Shows the pathway enrichment of 50 differential genes in the BioCarta genome. P. GSEA ridge plot of KEGG gene sets. The pathway enrichment of the 50 differential genes in the KEGG genome is shown. Q. GSEA ridge plot of NABA gene set. That Shows the cellular component enrichment of the 50 differential genes in the NABA genome. R. GSEA ridge plot of Reactome gene sets. The functional enrichment of the 50 differential genes in the Reactome genome is shown. S. GSEA ridge plot of WP Gene Set. That Shows the pathway enrichment of the 50 differential genes in the WP genome.
Fig 3.
MCODE uncovered a DEG PPI network with three cluster components. a Protein-protein interaction network generated by DEGs. Protein-protein associations are represented by the nodes and edges of the graph. Red diamonds express upregulated genes, whereas green and blue hexagons represent downregulated genes. MCODE was able to extract three cluster modules. With the most points, Cluster 1 (b) was the winner, followed by Cluster 2 (c) and Cluster 3. (d).
Fig 4.
Box plots for group comparisons.
Verification of the eight immune system-specific hub genes that are expressed. ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, ns: no significant difference. A significant upregulation of five genes occurs in MI samples compared to standard samples. A. Group comparisons of AQP9. B. Group comparisons of CCL4. C. Group comparisons of FPR1. D. Group comparisons of IL1B. E. Group comparisons of IL1RN. F. Group comparisons of S100A9. G. Group comparisons of S100A12. H. Group comparisons of TREM1.
Fig 5.
Gene expression ROC curve for the eight immune system-specific hub genes. AUC: the surface area under the ROC curve A. ROC plot of AQP9. B. ROC plot of CCL4. C. ROC plot of FPR1. D. ROC plot of IL1B. E. ROC plot of IL1RN. F. ROC plot of S100A9. G. ROC plot of S100A12. H. ROC plot of TREM1.
Fig 6.
The mRNA-miRNA co-expression network.
The mRNA-miRNA co-expression network was designed using Cytoscape. In a network, hub genes and miRNA targets are co-expressed together. TREM1 contains just six target miRNAs, compared to IL1RN’s dozens of miRNAs. The nodes represent mRNA and miRNA, while the edges represent the relationship between mRNA and miRNA interaction.
Fig 7.
Three ceRNA networks comprised AQP9, IL1B, and IL1RN, as well as possible RNA regulatory mechanisms.