Fig 1.
Distribution of M-gene positive samples across Odisha in sampling zones 1 (light greed), 2 (green) and 3 (dark green).
The maps show the distribution of samples in Odisha (A) which tested positive (red, red halo) or negative (gray) for the NDV M-gene in layers (B), backyard birds (C) and commercial broilers (D). (Map created using the Free and Open Source QGIS).
Table 1.
Primers and probes used for M and F gene amplification of Newcastle disease virus.
Table 2.
Sampling of chicken according to the management system.
Fig 2.
Risk factors impacting Newcastle disease prevalence in 2018 of Odisha state, India.
Table 3.
Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Intervals of risk factors for prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in Odisha chickens on the basis of M gene detection.
Table 4.
Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in commercial and backyard poultry based on M gene detection in Odisha.
Table 5.
Detection of NDV in various types of birds.