Fig 1.
Leaf area (A) and root length (B) of A. ilicifolius L. (control and ZnSO4 treated). The Fig 1A Control and Fig 1B Control panels are excluded from this article’s CC BY license. See the accompanying retraction notice for more information.
Fig 2.
Tolerance index percentage of A. ilicifolius L. exposed to ZnSO4 (4 mM).
Table 1.
Data of the physiological parameters in the roots and leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius L. cultured in Hoagland solution (control) and exposed to 4 mM ZnSO4 (treatment).
Fig 3.
Energy pipeline leaf model (A & B) of phenomenological fluxes (per cross section, CSm and per reaction centre, RC) in A. ilicifolius L. leaves treated with ZnSO4 (4 mM).
Fig 4.
FEG SEM-EDXM of A. ilicifolius L. control roots.
The SEM and EDX of three areas of root, spectrum 1 (exodermis and cortex), spectrum 2 (endodermis and vascular tissues) and spectrum 3 (pith). The Fig 4 SEM panels are excluded from this article’s CC BY license. See the accompanying retraction notice for more information.
Fig 5.
FEG SEM-EDXM of A. ilicifolius L. roots exposed to ZnSO4 (4 mM).
The SEM and EDX of three areas of root, spectrum 2 (exodermis and cortex), spectrum 3 (endodermis and vascular tissues) and spectrum 8 (pith).
Table 2.
FEG-SEM EDX microanalysis data in the roots of Acanthus ilicifolius L. cultured in Hoagland solution.
The macro and microelements concentrations (% weight) are shown for 3 different spots, i.e., spectrum 1 (outer region), spectrum 2 (middle region) and spectrum 3 (inner region).
Fig 6.
FTIR spectra of control and ZnSO4 treated plantlets.
Control and ZnSO4 treated leaves (A & B) and Control and ZnSO4 treated roots (C&D).
Fig 7.
Scanning electron micrograph of stomata in the leaves of A. ilicifolius (control and ZnSO4 treated).
Fig 8.
Changes in the root anatomy of A. ilicifolius L. subjected to ZnSO4 (4 mM).
A&B- Control C&D–Zn SO4. En- Endodermis; X- Xylem; Ph-Phloem; P-Pith; De- Deposition.