Fig 1.
Map of the study area showing study sites in all district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
(Source: https://www.ajk.gov.pk/ajkmap).
Fig 2.
Pictorial view of some highly poisonous plants based on their LD50 values and respondent scores.
a. Nerium oleander, b. Ricinus communis, c. Leptopus cordifolius, d. Justicia adhatoda, e. Datura stramonium, f. Dodonaea viscosa, g. Lantana camara, h. Euphorbia helioscopa, i. Solanum surattense.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the informants selected from the study area.
Fig 3.
Distribution of poisonous plants in different families.
Fig 4.
Percentage of distribution of poisonous plant different plant functional types (PFTs).
Table 2.
List of poisonous plants with their botanical names, toxic plant parts, route of administration and signs.
Fig 5.
Percentage of contribution of different plant parts in livestock poisoning.
Fig 6.
Different routes of administration of plant poisoning.
Table 3.
Category of anomalies (Heinrich et al., 1998) [43] and their factor informant consensus (Fic) and fidelity level (Fl %) of poisonous species.
Table 4.
Principal toxin, necropsy lesions and fatal dose (LD50) of the selected poisonous plants from the study area.
Table 5.
Plant-based hematological, biochemical and histopathological observations in animals.
Table 6.
The top ranked poisonous plants based on their LD50 and respondent scores.