Fig 1.
IPD = individual patient data.
Fig 2.
Characteristics of patients in the individual patient data (IPD) database.
Fig 3.
Locations of 1979 patients from 83 studies providing individual patient data (IPD).
WHO regions are depicted in different colours. Countries from which we received IPD are depicted in a darker shade. Country names and numbers of patients for which we had IPD are displayed in boxes, grouped according to region.
Table 1.
Frequency of neurological disease subgroups in the studies contributing IPD.
Fig 4.
Time-to-event analyses for secondary outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and neurological disease in the IPD database1.
1. These figures show results of analyses for the whole IPD database (i.e., patients with any neurological disease diagnosis), and other than for A, the analyses use death as a competing risk. 2. A total of 1745 patients were included in this analysis. Of the 1979, 115 had no dates; 14 patients had no hospital admission date; 9 dead patients had no date of death; 88 alive patients had no discharge date; it was unknown if 8 patients were dead or alive. For time to death, individuals that were alive at discharge or last follow-up were censored. 3. This analysis uses date of hospital admission as day 0. A total of 1428 patients were included in this analysis: 404 patients had no dates; 17 had no hospital admission date; 123 (23 dead; 100 alive) patients had neither the date of admission to critical care or the date of commencement of invasive ventilation; 7 patients only had a hospital admission date, but it was unknown if they were dead or alive. For time to critical care admission, individuals who were alive at discharge or last follow-up and had not been admitted to intensive care were censored. Individuals who died without receiving critical care or invasive ventilation were treated as competing events in a competing risks analysis. 4. This analysis uses date of critical care admission as day 0. A total of 486 patients who were admitted critical care were included in this analysis: 1482 patients had no date of admission to critical care; 5 dead patients had no death date; 5 alive patients had no hospital discharge date; there were no dates for 1 patient. 5. For discharge from critical care, individuals that were alive and not yet discharged at last follow-up were censored. Individuals that died after admission to intensive care were treated as competing events in a competing risks analysis. 10. For length of hospital stay, individuals that were alive and not yet discharged at last follow-up were censored. Individuals that died were treated as competing events in a competing risks analysis.
Table 2.
Outcomes—Modified Rankin scale score at discharge, mortality, and need for intensive care—For patients with individual patient data with any neurological disease, and for those with cerebrovascular events and encephalopathy.
Table 3.
Univariate and multivariable analyses for variables associated with poor outcome (mRS score 3–6) at discharge for patients with individual patient data with any neurological disease, and for those with cerebrovascular events and encephalopathy1,2,3.
Table 4.
Univariate and multivariable cox regression analyses for variables associated with death for patients with individual patient data with any neurological disease, and for those with cerebrovascular events and encephalopathy1,2,3.
Table 5.
Univariate and multivariable regression models (accounting for clustering and competing risk of death) for variables associated with intensive care for patients with individual patient data with any neurological disease, and for those with cerebrovascular events and encephalopathy1,2,3.
Fig 5.
Pooled proportions of all patients hospitalised with COVID-19 reported to have acute new-onset neurological disease.
Neurological disease = number of patients with neurological COVID-19 disease. All COVID-19 = number of patients with all COVID-19 disease hospitalised in the same centre over the same time period.