Fig 1.
a) Sideways fall configuration. b) The location of studied joints and the initial position of the model. c) Pelvic anatomical landmarks.
Table 1.
Simulated cases with different types and levels of reduction in the elastic modulus.
Fig 2.
Effect of reduction in trabecular elastic modulus (ETrab) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) trabecular bone failure. Dashed circles: anatomical landmarks with a high risk of bone failure.
Fig 3.
Effect of reduction in trabecular elastic modulus (ETrab) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) cortical bone failure. Neither tensile nor compressive cortical bone failure was observed.
Fig 4.
Effect of reduction in cortical elastic modulus due to osteoporosis (Ecort) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) trabecular bone failure. Dashed circles: anatomical landmarks with a high risk of bone failure.
Fig 5.
Effect of reduction in cortical elastic modulus (Ecort) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) cortical bone failure. The tensile and compressive strain concentrations were only minor. Dashed circles: anatomical landmarks with a high risk of bone failure.
Fig 6.
Effect of reduction in total (Trab. + Cort.) elastic modulus (ETotal) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) trabecular bone failure. Dashed circles: anatomical landmarks with a high risk of bone failure.
Fig 7.
Effect of reduction in total (Trab. + Cort.) elastic modulus (ETotal) on the compressive (left column) and tensile (right column) cortical bone failure. Dashed circles: anatomical landmarks with a high risk of bone failure.
Fig 8.
Effect of reduction in trabecular (ETrab), cortical (Ecort), and total (ETotal) elastic on the transmitted load (contact force) by a) hip, b) sacroiliac, and c) pubic symphysis.