Fig 1.
Schematic representation of the position of a pulmonary artery catheter capable of right ventricular pressure monitoring inside the right heart (Thermodilution Paceport Pulmonary Artery Catheter, product reference 931F75, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA).
PA, pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle. From Raymond M, Grønlykke L, Couture EJ, et al. Perioperative Right Ventricular Monitoring in Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anes 2019;33:1090–104. Figure used with permission.
Fig 2.
Schematic representation of right ventricular pressure () and pulmonary artery pressure (
) waveforms showing (1) the derivation of the right ventricular metrics of RV systolic pressure, RV early diastolic pressure, RV end diastolic pressure and the point of maximum dP/dt; (2) the derivation of the pulmonary artery metrics of PA systolic and PA end diastolic pressures; and (3) the overlapped waveforms showing peak RV and PA systolic pressures. The difference between these two pressures forms the RVOT gradient. Acronyms: max dP/dt, maximum rate of change in pressure over change in time; PA, pulmonary artery RV, right ventricular; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract.
Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
Table 2.
Differences in echocardiographic metrics at each study time point.
Table 3.
Differences in waveform metrics at each study time point.
Table 4.
Effects of cardiac index and norepinephrine dose on the measurement of RVOT gradient.
Table 5.
Effect of confounding hemodynamic factors on the measurement of RV dP/dt.